Angiotensinogen (AGT) is a protein produced mainly by the liver and released into the bloodstream. It is the starting point of the renin-angiotensin system, which helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Arterial plaque formation is the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin (a clotting material in the blood) on the inner walls of arteries. This process leads to atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow, and generates inflammation which makes the arterial plaque vulnerable to rupture which can lead to heart attacks, strokes and life-threatening peripheral artery blockage.

Arterial walls are the multilayered structures that form the walls of arteries—blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) refers to a group of conditions caused by the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques (fatty deposits) in the walls of arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow to organs and tissues, and with inflammatory change can rupture cause arterial clots which result in heart attacks, strokes and other life-threatening arterial blockages.

Causal AI (artificial intelligence) is a branch of AI that focuses on understanding and modeling cause-and-effect relationships—not just patterns or correlations—in data.

Cumulative exposure refers to the total amount of a substance, agent, or factor (such as a drug, toxin, radiation, or pathogen) that a person is exposed to over time. It is the product of both the intensity and duration of exposure.

Healthspan refers to the period of a person's life during which they are in good health, free from chronic diseases and disabilities that limit flourishing.

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. Hypertension can damage arteries irreversibly and lead to stiffening and inflammation which drive heart attacks, strokes and peripheral arterial blockages, as well as heart failure and other conditions.

Preventive RNAi medicine refers to the use of RNA interference (RNAi) medicines early to silence specific genes which translate into harmful proteins, before irreversible damage occurs and before symptoms of disease appear.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates LDL cholesterol levels in the blood by controlling the number of LDL receptors on liver cells. It binds to LDL receptors and promotes their degradation, reducing the liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) from the bloodstream. Targeting PCSK9 is an effective strategy to lower LDL cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular process where small RNA molecules silence or suppress the expression of specific genes by degrading their messenger RNA (mRNA), blocking its translation into protein. It is both a natural biological process and a powerful tool for developing new medicines.

RNAi therapeutics are medical treatments that use the process of RNA interference (RNAi) to silence or reduce the expression of specific disease-causing genes which generate potentially harmful proteins. These therapies employ small RNA molecules - such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) - to target and degrade the messenger RNA (mRNA) of harmful genes, thereby preventing the production of potentially harmful proteins. RNAi therapeutics offer a novel way to treat various diseases at the genetic level, and have emerged as a new class of medicines with seven FDA-approved drugs to date.

siRNA or small interfering RNA, are short, double-stranded RNA molecules, that play a key role in the process of RNAi by specifically targeting and causing the degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. siRNA molecules offer high specificity with minimal off-target effects when designed properly.